Human body is made of various cells, and they all have different functions. Most of these cells grow old and die during our life. New cells replace the dead ones by cell division. This way, a healthy, functioning body is maintained. Division while cell renewal has strict rules which are formed during evolution for millions of years and most of the time it functions perfectly for a lifetime.

It is the sliding or overflow of the gelous cartilage tissue that functions as a pad between two spines. This cartilage piece dislocates, puts pressure to the nerve that extends our leg and foot, causing pain complaints.

Most of the people suffer from neck pain in a period of their lives. Neck pains develop due to an impairment of bones in the cervical spine, joints, discs between the spines, and muscle and ligaments around the spine…

It is narrowing of spinal cord canal due to displacements of a vertebra upon another. It presents with lumbar pain that change with movements and increase in years, and pain in feet in time. In late terms, patients walk bending, they have weakened feet and their daily capacity is fully restricted.

It is the most common entrapment neuropathy. It is usually seen amongst middle aged women. Women/Men ratio is 4/1. Median nerve is exposed to pressure inside the carpal tunnel. There may not be a specific etiology. However, it is more common in people who do handwork and who have rheumatismal diseases.

It is the latest advancement of lumbar hernia surgery. It is a minimal invasive surgical technique that can be applied on lumbar hernia patients who did not respond to conservative treatment, namely drug and rest therapy. Hernia is cleared by approaching the area using tubes in various sizes, without any incision.